Monolithic construction.



No. 720,165. PATENTED'FEB. 10, 1903.

G. LYON & K. BERLE. MONOLITHIG GONSTRUUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 20, 1902 2 SHEETS-SHEET '1.

I0 MODEL.

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N 720,165. PATENT'ED FEB. 10, 1903. W. 0. LYON & K. BBRLE.

MONO'LITHIG CONSTRUCTION. v APPLICATION FILED JAN. 20, 1902.

I0 MODEL 5 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALLACE C. LYON, OF HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND, AND KORT BERLE, OFWASHINGTOLL'DISTRIGT OF COLUMBIA.

MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 720,165, datedFebruary 10, 1903.

. Application filed January 20, 1902. Serial No. 90,483. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that WB,WALLAGE O. LYoN,residing at Hyattsville, PrinceGeorge county, Maryland,and KORT BERLE,residin g at Washington, in theDistrict of Columbia, citizens of the United States, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Monolithic Construction; and wedo declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others,

skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters ofreference marked thereon, which form I 5 a part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in methods andmeans for producing and also in new and useful improvements in acomposite structure at small expense which is designed to be very light,strong, and durable, possessing the quality of being perfectlyfireproof, and so simple in construction that unskilled labor may beemployed in its production, thereby effecting 2 5 great saving in thecost of structures wherein it is employed.

I-Ieretofore difficulties have been encountered in the construction ofconcrete and composite structures, particularly in the formation ofbeams, floors, and ceilings, which have greatly retarded the successfulintroduction of that class of structures. We have overcome suchdifficulties in our invention, in which the distinguishing feature isthe formation of the beams of metal and concrete in such manner as toform at the same time and by the same means a permanent support for theceiling dependent therefrom, which ceiling may be placed in positionimmediately upon forming said beams and allowed to set while theconcrete of said beams is setting, at the same time providing a rigidsupport for the floor-boards or permanent centering entirely below theline of the subsequently superimposed flooring-concrete and on a linewith the upper line of the beams. The ceiling-concrete being placedafter the beams are formed and before the concrete thereof is entirelyset, the two become practically integral, and such a perfect unionthereof is thus established that the ceiling, though of an inferiorquality of concrete, is fixed in position, so as to prevent allsubsequent rising thereof at or between the lines of its junction withsaid beams.

For a more perfect understanding of the details of our inventionreference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar lettersof reference denote like parts in all the views, in which Figure 1 is anisometric view of a portion of the vertical supporting-wall of abuilding with a portion of a floor, floor-beams, ceiling, and theseveral parts hereinafter mentioned shown in position. Fig. 2 is asectional View showing a portion of the finished construction completed.Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the means employed inproducing the parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of awall-pocket with a beam finished and resting therein. Fig. 5is a faceview of said wall-pocket, taken sectionally through said beam. Fig. 6 isa section through a vertical supporting-wall,with

a plan View of the girder of Figs. 4 and 5 therein. Fig. 7 is a sectionof a beam and floor where no ceilingis suspended therefrom, and Fig. 8illustrates the means employed in the formation thereof. Fig. 9 showsthe supporting-girder for the concrete beams where no wall-pocket isprovided, which may also be of concrete or concrete and metal producedin the same manner as the beams herein described.

In the formation of the new ceiling, beams, and floors we proceed asfollows: False work is first erected consisting ofsuitable verticalsupports W X Y, upon which rest boards Z, preferably left rough orundressed on their upper faces. Upon this false work at suchpredetermined distances apart as it may be desired to. have thepermanent beams are placed pairs of moldboards B. Each of saidmoldboardsis provided with an inwardly-projecting strip 0 of wood orsuitable material, 5

rough boards the pairs of moldboards before mentioned. After placing inposition the false work and moldboards, rods E are placed in the spacesbetween the moldboards, said rods being supported at or near their endsand at such intervals -along their entire length as may be desired bymeans of washers F, sufficiently large to support said rods above andout of contact with said false work sufficiently high to permit of clearspace below for the entire length of said rods. Said rods are notanchored at their ends. When the rods are placed in position,upwardly-projecting loops L are placed in position with their lower endspartially or wholly encircling the said rods E and their upper endsprojecting above the line of the top of said mold, for the purposehereinafter specified. Separators H are placed in position between saidmolds to hold them firmly in position, said separators consisting ofboards. When this is done, the spaces between the several moldboards andstrips is filled to their top edges with a superior quality of concrete,which is rammed into place and because of the opening below saidmoldboards flows laterally out for a short distance beyond the verticalline of said moldboards at the base-line thereof, thereby forming ashoulder or projection for a short distance from the bottom line of saidconcrete beam. In practice it will be found that about two inchesvertically and the same or less will be quite suflicient for allpractical purposes. After the molds have been filled with the superiorconcrete the space between the pairs of moldboards may be filled with aninferior concrete of sufficient thickness to form the ceiling of theroom below with sufficient adhesive strength to support its own weight.After sufficient time has elapsed to permit the concrete to properly setthe separators H and side boards or moldboards B are removed bywithdrawing vertically the separators H, when the permanent centeringshould be placed in position as follows: The shoulders K are used as asupport for suitable boards M, which rest at either end upon saidshoulders, and upon said boards M and the tops of the beams O is filledthe concrete on a matrix of metal for the floor or floor-support, whichshould be of a superior quality and which becomes anchored to the beamsby and also because of the loops or anchors L, hereinbefore described,which extend upward and into said concrete for the floor-support or intothe flooring-concrete, if it is desired. Vhere extra thickness isdesired, an inferior quality of concrete may be added above thefloor-support, in which may be embedded the usual nailing-strips forsecuring carpet or other floor-covering. The rods E E, with one or morewashers F, project at their ends into wall-pockets P, formed in thevertical supporting-walls of the building, which pockets are of sucharea and conformation that the finished beams 0 will entirely fill thelower portion thereof up to and above the first shoulder a, so that it,with the next higher shoulder a, will form stops to preventthepossibility of upward thrust of said beams after they have beenformed. The opening of said pockets above the shoulder a permits firstgreater accessibility to permit tamping the concrete of said beams inposition in forming and finally serves as an anchor for the concrete ofthe floor, which rests next above said beams and extends upwardsufficiently high to entirely close said pockets in the finishedstructure. In places where pockets cannot be provided to support theends of the beams they may be supported from girders S, as shown in Fig.8, in which angles or brackets T are provided as supporting means forthe ends of the beams, or, if it is desired, the lower flange of thegirder may be utilized for the purpose.

Having described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A composite structure, comprising concrete beams having portionsthereof flaring, ceiling-blocks with beveled edges resting upon theflaring portions of said beams, a flooring with metal ties embeddedtherein, resting upon said beams, bars embedded in the flaring portionsof the beams and metallic ties connected to said bars and embedded inthe beams and flooring, as set forth.

2. A composite structure comprising concrete beams having flaringportions, ceilingblocks resting upon said flaring portions of the beams,bars embedded in the flaring portions of the beams, metallic ties ofsubstantially inverted-U shape having their ends bent into hooks andengaging said bars, the upper portion of each of said ties projectingbeyond the upper portion of the beam in which it is embedded, and aflooring resting upon said beams and in which the metallic tie isanchored, as set forth.

3. Acompositestructure comprisingbeams with flaringportions,ceiling-b1ocks supported by said flaring portions, barsembedded in said flaring portions, supporting members with their endsseated in rabbets in said beams, a flooring resting upon said beams andsupports, and metallic ties embedded in the beams and flooring as setforth.

In a composite structure of the class described, supporting-beams,wall-pockets in the supporting-wall holding the ends of said beams, aceiling formed in position and supported from said beams by beveledextensions thereof and by metal ties molded in said beams and ceiling,in combination with a concrete floor anchored to both beams andsupporting-walls, substantially as described and shown.

5. In a structure of the described class a supporting-wall with angularpockets therein, beams of concrete supported in said pockets, a concreteceiling supported primarily,

from continuously-projecting concrete ledges upon the lower portions ofsaid beams, 21. floorsupport carried near the upper side of said I Intestimony whereof we aflix our signabeams and a concrete floor restingupon said tures in presence of two witnesses. beams and floor-supportand entering said WALLACE C. LYON. wall-pockets, said beams, ceiling andfloor KORT BERLE.

Witnesses:

FREDERICK H. GIBBS,

CHAUNCEY G. GRAHAM.

5 being anchored together by means of interlaced metallic ties so as tofirmly unite the several parts, substantially as described.

